Language Strand
Language and Grammar Topics
| Class V | Class VI |
| Use the knowledge of grammar learned in the earlier classes. Tell the functions of two new parts of speech: personal pronouns and adverbs. Use direct and indirect speech. Use word order (article – subject – verb – adjective – object) in longer sentences correctly. Use the degrees of comparison (positive, comparative and superlative) of adjectives. Use the progressive/continuous forms of tenses (continuous present, continuous past, continuous future). Tell the infinitive, simple past and past participle of regular verbs (play, played, played). Use interrogative forms correctly when asking questions. Construct compound sentences with 2 principal clauses joined by a simple conjunction. Use the abbreviations and grammar labels in the dictionary to find out more about words and their meanings | Use the knowledge of grammar learned in earlier classes. Show the functions of parts of speech: conjunction, interjection and the indefinite article. Use direct and indirect speech. Use the parts of speech and the articles, which they know in correct word order. (article – subject – verb – adverb – article – adjective – object) in longer sentences. Tell the bare infinitive, simple past, and past participle of some irregular verbs, (drink, drank, drunk). Construct complex sentences, which contain one main (principal) clause with a subordinate clause. Use punctuation and capitalization to show the organization of a sentence. Use contractions correctly. Use question tags. Use compound tenses: present perfect and past perfect. Use the appendices of the dictionary. |
Language and Grammar Topics
| Class VII | Class VIII |
| Use possessive pronouns appropriately. Use question tags correctly. Tell the parts of commonly used regular and irregular verbs. Use simple, compound and complex sentences. Use articles correctly. Use active and passive voice. Change from direct to indirect speech and vice-versa correctly. Show how the meanings of words are changed by adding prefixes and suffixes to root words. Use phrasal verbs correctly. Use additional punctuation marks and question tags appropriately. Use prepositions correctly. Use the dictionary for a variety of purposes – word meaning, spelling, and pronunciation. | Use relative pronouns appropriately. Use antonyms, synonyms, and homophones correctly. Use some conjunction coordinators and correlatives (either… or; neither… nor; not only… but also) correctly. Use the continuous forms of the compound tenses (present perfect, past perfect and future perfect). Use phrases (adjectival, adverbial, and participial) in complex sentences correctly. Distinguish among the moods – indicative, imperative, interrogative, subjunctive. Use additional phrasal verbs correctly. Use idiomatic expressions in appropriate contexts. Use direct and indirect speech correctly. Use the dictionary to enhance vocabulary and spelling. |
Language and Grammar Topics
| Class IX | Class X |
| Use modal auxiliaries (can, could, should, must, may and might) to indicate a shift in mood – subjunctive; imperative; indicative; interrogative. Use indefinite pronouns appropriately. Use antonyms, synonyms and homonyms and homophones correctly. Use periodic sentences correctly. Use a wider range of discourse markers correctly including “however”, “in so far as”, “therefore”, “henceforth”. Use additional phrasal verbs correctly. Use conjunction coordinators and correlatives (hardly… when; scarcely… when; no sooner… than) correctly. | Use gerunds and participles appropriately. Use phrasal verbs appropriately. Use appropriate language in formal and informal contexts. Use modal auxiliaries in increasingly complex ways. Understand the purposes that language serves in human interaction. |
Language and Grammar Topics
| Class XI | Class XII |
| Know and use transitive and intransitive verbs appropriately. Use literal and figurative language appropriately. Use the dictionary to find out the number of syllables in a word and the stress given to each syllable. Discuss the origin of words (etymology) and how they become part of the language or how they become obsolete. Know and discuss the common theories of language acquisition and development, for example, language is innate versus language is acquired. (Features of English language - sounds and phonetic symbols (IPA transcriptions); syllables, stress and stress patterns; basic morphological features - root words; suffixes; prefixes; syntax; (infixes). Difference between British and American English - Pronunciations and spellings) | Know and discuss some of the characteristic features of human language, for example, that it is diverse and has common features such as fixed word order and grammar; that it reflects the culture of people who use it; that it is a means of communication, and is a way to express creativity. Know and distinguish archaic words, derogative, slang and obsolete language and know when to use them appropriately. Discuss the purposes of language. |